Why Do We Dry Seeds?

Have you ever noticed the seeds inside the fruits and vegetables you eat at home? Those seeds are actually the plants' way of reproducing. The seeds we obtain have great potential to grow into new plants. However, planting these seeds directly into the soil without drying them often fails to result in germination. Drying seeds before planting is very important for a healthy and successful germination process. So why do we dry seeds before sowing?

Moist Seeds

When seeds are taken out of fruits or vegetables, they are usually moist and soft. This moist and soft structure can lead to the seeds rotting or molding before they germinate once planted. It also makes them easy food for microorganisms — in other words, living creatures will gladly feast on them. Moreover, leftover fruit pulp on the seed may carry harmful microorganisms into the soil, speeding up decay.

Drying: The Seed’s Resting Phase

Many seeds need a short “resting” period before they are ready to germinate. Drying initiates this phase by putting the seed into a dormant state. Dried seeds can also be stored for longer periods, making it possible to plant them in any season. When we soak seeds in water (some seeds even require soaking), they "wake up" and start the germination process.

Seed Coating and Protection

Some seeds have a jelly-like coating that inhibits germination (such as tomato seeds). As the seed dries, this layer naturally breaks down. Cleaning off this layer and drying the seed directly affects the success rate of germination.

How Should Seeds Be Dried?

Seeds should be dried in the shade, in a well-ventilated area, rather than under direct sunlight. Remember, we’re not sunbathing the seeds — we’re drying them. :) Excess heat or direct sunlight can reduce the seed’s viability. Once drying is complete, seeds should be stored in airtight containers in a cool and dry place. Even the slightest bit of moisture can cause premature germination and death.

If you’d like, you can try two fun activities on this topic. For more details, check out our Seed Bomb activity and Life of a Plant activity.